What term describes political organizations controlled by a small number of individuals?

The term that describes political organizations controlled by a small number of individuals is often referred to as "Political or Party Machines." These machines are characterized by a hierarchical structure where power and decision-making are concentrated among a limited group of leaders. They play a significant role in local and sometimes state politics, often using their influence to mobilize voters and ensure loyalty within the ranks.

Members of these machines typically build strong, personal relationships within the community and party, allowing them to effectively control resources, candidates, and policy decisions. The importance of party machines historically stems from their ability to dominate political patronage, providing jobs and services in exchange for political support, which has been a strategy for maintaining power.

In contrast, other terms such as Political Action Committees focus on fundraising and political campaigning without indicating centralized control by a few individuals. Political Parties refer to broader coalitions seeking to gain power through elections, and Factional Groups indicate subgroups within larger organizations rather than a tightly controlled political structure. Therefore, the distinction is crucial in understanding the nature and dynamics of political organizations that exercise significant control over political processes and behavior.