What does redistricting involve?

Redistricting specifically refers to the process of redrawing the boundaries of congressional districts to reflect changes in population, particularly following the decennial census. This is done to ensure that each district has roughly equal representation based on population size, which is essential for maintaining the principle of "one person, one vote." Population shifts may occur due to various factors, such as migration patterns, demographic changes, or economic shifts, and it is essential for electoral fairness that district lines are adjusted accordingly.

This task is typically performed by state legislatures, but sometimes independent commissions are involved, especially if a state has enacted laws to curb gerrymandering—manipulating district boundaries for political advantage. The significance of redistricting cannot be overstated, as it can significantly influence political power and representation for the next decade until the next census.